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International IDEA
Constitution Building Publications

Highlighted publications

Environmental Protection in Constitutions Assessment Tool

Constitution Assessment for Women's Equality

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Rights in the Digital Age

The Impact of Guiding Principles on Constitution Making

Constitutional Assessment

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Environmental Protection in Constitutions Assessment Tool

Assessing the Performance of the South African Constitution

The Scope and the Content of the Sri Lankan Constitution: Perspectives of Opinion Leaders

Other languages

Assessing the Iraqi Constitution’s Impact on State and Society

Constitutional Performance Assessment of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Constitution Assessment for Women's Equality

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Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool

Other languages

Constitutional Performance Assessment in the Time of a Pandemic: The 1987 Constitution and the Philippines' COVID-19 Response

Constitution Building - General

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Designing Resilient Institutions: Countering Democratic Backsliding in Asia

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2023

Designing Resistance: Democratic Institutions and the Threat of Backsliding

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building

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Other languages

Official Language Designation

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Constitution Assessment for Women's Equality

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Constitutional Negotiations: Dynamics, Deadlocks and Solutions

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Emergency Powers in Constitutions

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Other languages

Rights in the Digital Age

The Impact of Guiding Principles on Constitution Making

State Capture: How to Recognize and React to it

Independent Institutions: Enhancing Democratic Integrity and Accountability through Constitutional Design

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2022

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2021

Taming the Incumbency Advantage: Innovative Constitutional Designs from the ‘South'

Let’s talk about constitutions!

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Opposition and Legislative Minorities: Constitutional Roles, Rights and Recognition

Consultation, Deliberation and Decision-Making: Direct Public Participation in Constitution-Building

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Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2018

Constitutions and International Law

Moving Beyond Transitions to Transformation: Interactions Between Transitional Justice and Constitution-Building

Constitutional beginnings: Making and amending constitutions

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2017

Rule of Law and Constitution Building: The Role of Regional Organizations

Yearbook of the Association of Arab Constitutional Law 2015-2016

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2016

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

Constitution Building Processes and Democratization

Sequencing Peace Agreements and Constitutions in the Political Settlement Process

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Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2015

The role of regional organizations in the protection of constitutionalism

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2014

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Principles and Cross-cutting Themes

Constitutional Transitions and Territorial Cleavages

Annual Review of Constitution Building: 2019

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020

Constitution Building: A Global Review (2013)

Constitutional Reform Processes and Political Parties. Principles for Practice, International IDEA and NIMD - 2012

Constitutional Amendment Procedures

What is a Constitution? Principles and Concepts

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Federalism and Decentralization

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Second Chambers in Federal Systems

Territory and Power in Constitutional Transitions

Substate Constitutions in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings: Policy paper

Local Democracy

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From Local Governance to Constitution Building: Yemen after 10 Years of Conflict

Constitutional Approaches to Decentralization: Elements, Challenges and Implications

How Federations Responded to Covid-19

Protecting Ethnic Minorities within Minorities

The Division of Powers in Federations

Implementing Federalism

Asymmetric Territorial Arrangements in Decentralized Systems

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Constitutional Design for Territorially Divided Societies

Secession: Constitution Brief

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2016

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

Sub-State Constitutions in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings: Conference Report

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2015

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Decentralized Forms of Government

Decentralization in Unitary States Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa

Oil and Natural Gas Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa

Annual Review of Constitution Building: 2019

Judiciary

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The Fundamentals of Constitutional Courts

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A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: The Design of the Judicial Branch

Judicial Tenure, Removal, Immunity and Accountability

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Judicial Appointments

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Courts in Federal Countries: Constitution Brief

Les systèmes juridiques des pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest: Analyse comparée

The Judiciary and Constitutional Transitions

Judicial review systems in West Africa: A comparative analysis

العلاقة بين القضاء الدستوري والبرلمان

المجلس الدستوري اللبناني في القانون والاجتهاد

البحرين: قانون المحكمة الدستورية لعام 2002

Constitutional Courts after the Arab Spring: Appointment mechanisms and relative judicial independence

Region/Country Specific Resources

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Designing Resilient Institutions: Countering Democratic Backsliding in Asia

Assessing the Performance of the South African Constitution

The Scope and the Content of the Sri Lankan Constitution: Perspectives of Opinion Leaders

Other languages

Assessing the Iraqi Constitution’s Impact on State and Society

Constitutional Performance Assessment of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Constitution-building processes in Latin America from 1978-2012

Semi-presidentialism and inclusive governance in Ukraine: Reflections for constitutional reform

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Kenya

From Local Governance to Constitution Building: Yemen after 10 Years of Conflict

Fiji: Draft Constitution — The Explanatory Report of the Constitution Commission of Fiji (2012).

From Substate Governance to Constitution-building at the Centre: A View from Somalia

Constitutional Change in the Commonwealth Caribbean

Representation from the Ground Up

Análisis comparativo de la Constitución de Chile y Dos Proyectos de Reforma Constitucional

Myanmar’s Environment and Climate Change Challenges

Sudan's 2019 Constitutional Declaration: Its Impact on the Transition

Myanmar’s Federal Democracy Charter: Analysis and Prospects

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A New Constitution for Myanmar: Towards Consensus on an Inclusive Federal Democracy

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Unconstitutionality of the 2021 Military Coup in Myanmar

Interim Governance Arrangements: Comparative Principles and Practice for Myanmar

The Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan: Summary and Analysis

المسودة النهائية لدستور ليبيا دراسة عيانية

The Importance of Constitutional Law for Belarusian Democracy: An Analysis of the Amended 1994 Constitution and Considerations for Democratic Reform

Other languages

Constitutional Performance Assessment in the Time of a Pandemic: The 1987 Constitution and the Philippines' COVID-19 Response

Constitutional Amendment Bills in Myanamar, 27 January 2020: International IDEA Interim Report

Proposals for Constitutional Change in Myanmar from the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Amendment: International IDEA Interim Analysis

Analysis of the Report produced in July 2019 by Myanmar’s Joint Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Amendment

Territorial Cleavages and the Bolivian Constitutional Transition Number 25

When the Total is less than the Sum of the Parts: The Lessons of Bosnia and Herzegovina Number 26

The 2002-04 Annan Plan in Cyprus: An Attempted UN-Mediated Constitutional Transition. Number 27

Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia. Number 28

States Reorganization and Accommodation of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages in India Occasional Paper Number 29

Dealing with Territorial Cleavages in Constitutional Transitions Iraq Number 30

Indonesia: ‘Special autonomy’ for Aceh and Papua: Number 31

Constitutional Transitions and Territorial Cleavages: The Kenyan Case: Number 32

Godot Has Arrived-Federal Restructuring in Nepal: Number 33

Nigeria’s Permanent Constitutional Transition: Military Rule, Civilian Instability and ‘True Federalism’ in a Deeply Divided Society: Number 34

The Philippines: Peace talks and autonomy in Mindanao: Number 35

The Withering Away of Politically Salient Territorial Cleavages in South Africa and the Emergence of Watermark Ethnic Federalism: Number 36

Spain: Constitutional Transition through Gradual Accommodation of Territories: Number 37

Sri Lanka's Failed Peace Process and the Continuing Challenge of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages: Number 38

Rule of Law and Constitution Building: The Role of Regional Organizations

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

Les systèmes juridiques des pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest: Analyse comparée

Libya’s final draft constitution: A contextual analysis

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

The role of regional organizations in the protection of constitutionalism

Judicial review systems in West Africa: A comparative analysis

Constitutional Change and Participation of LGBTI Groups: A case study of South Africa

Constitutional Change and Participation of LGBTI Groups: A case study of Nepal

Yemen’s ‘Peaceful’ Transition from Autocracy: Could it have succeeded?

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study East Timor

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Rwanda

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Nigeria

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Indonesia

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Hungary

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Guatemala

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Fiji

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Colombia

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Chile

English-Nepali Glossary of Federal Terminology

Mechanisms for Indigenous Representation, Participation and Consultation in Constitutional Systems: International Examples to Inspire Chile

Analysis of the Draft Constitution of Libya - Thematic Committees of the Constitution Drafting Assembly Status: December 2014

Combating Corruption Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa

Decentralization in Unitary States Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa

Oil and Natural Gas Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa

The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Studies

Political Party Finance Regulation: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring

Libya Constitution-Building Manual

Semi-Presidentialism as Power Sharing: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring

Constitutional Courts after the Arab Spring: Appointment mechanisms and relative judicial independence

Tendencias del constitucionalismo en Iberoamérica, International IDEA - 2009

Bolivia: Miradas. Nuevo Texto Constitucional, International IDEA - 2010

Cultura de la Constitución en Costa Rica. Una encuesta nacional de actitudes, percepciones y valores, International IDEA - 2009

A Glossary of Constitutional Terms: English-Nepali, International IDEA - 2007

The 2011 Moroccan Constitution: A Critical Analysis

The Tunisian Constituent Assembly’s By-laws: A Brief Analysis

IDEA: The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization - Case Study Bahrain

System of Government (Executive, Legislative Powers)

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Legislatures: Organization, Administration and Privileges

Transitions to Parliamentary Systems: Lessons Learned from Practice

Removal of Presidents

Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies

Government Formation And Removal Mechanisms

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Presidential Veto Powers

From Local Governance to Constitution Building: Yemen after 10 Years of Conflict

Should Ministers be Members of the Legislature?

Independent Regulatory and Oversight (Fourth-Branch) Institutions

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Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2016

Dissolution of Parliament

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: The Design of the Executive Branch

Presidential Legislative Powers

Semi-Presidentialism as Power Sharing: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring

Constitutional Monarchs in Parliamentary Democracies

Non-Executive Presidents in Parliamentary Democracies

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Direct Democracy

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Post-Conflict Constitution Building

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Natural Resource Management: Development and Environmental Protection in Constitutional Reform Processes

Shaping the Post-Conflict Landscape? The Role of Constitutions in Natural Resource Governance

(S)electing Constitution-Making Bodies in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings

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Inclusion of Combatants in Constitution-Building

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Security Sector Reform in Constitutional Transitions

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Territory and Power in Constitutional Transitions

Interactions between Elections and Constitution-Building Processes in Fragile and Conflict-affected States

Substate Constitutions in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings: Policy paper

Interim Constitutions: Peacekeeping and Democracy-Building Tools

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The Impact of Guiding Principles on Constitution Making

From Local Governance to Constitution Building: Yemen after 10 Years of Conflict

How Constitution-making Fails and What We Can Learn from It

Advice on Applying Mediation Fundamentals in UN Constitutional Assistance

Constitution-Building and Disruption: Addressing Changing Conflict Patterns

Interim Governance Arrangements in Post-Conflict and Fragile Settings

Moving Beyond Transitions to Transformation: Interactions Between Transitional Justice and Constitution-Building

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

Sub-State Constitutions in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings: Conference Report

Sequencing Peace Agreements and Constitutions in the Political Settlement Process

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Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2015

Constitution-Building in Political Settlement Processes: The Quest for Inclusion

ليبـيا: إعلان مبادئ إتفاق وطنى لحل الأزمة الليبية

Annual Review of Constitution Building: 2019

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020

Policy Paper: Constitution building after conflict: External support to a sovereign process, International IDEA - 2011

Constitutional Rights

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Emergency Powers in Constitutions

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Other languages

Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: Constitutional Jurisprudence

Limitation Clauses

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Social and Economic Rights

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Rights in the Digital Age

قوـقحلا طـباوض تاـيرحلاو

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Building a Culture of Human Rights

Constitution Building Processes

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Practical Considerations for Public Participation in Constitution-Building: What, When, How and Why?

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Constitutional Negotiations: Dynamics, Deadlocks and Solutions

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Reflections on referendums

Interactions between Elections and Constitution-Building Processes in Fragile and Conflict-affected States

Constitution-building processes in Latin America from 1978-2012

Substate Constitutions in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings: Policy paper

Rights in the Digital Age

The Impact of Guiding Principles on Constitution Making

From Local Governance to Constitution Building: Yemen after 10 Years of Conflict

Independent Institutions: Enhancing Democratic Integrity and Accountability through Constitutional Design

Constitutions, Customary and Religious Law, and Gender Equality

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2021

Reglamentos de Órganos Constituyentes - Panorama Comparativo: Procesos Constitucionales Comparados

Consultation, Deliberation and Decision-Making: Direct Public Participation in Constitution-Building

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Electoral system design in the context of constitution-building

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2016

ICTs and Constitution Building Tech Fair

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020

The Role of Constituent Assemblies in Constitution Making, Yash Ghai, International IDEA - 2012

Women Members of the Constituent Assembly: A study on contribution of women in constitution making in Nepal

The Tunisian Constituent Assembly’s By-laws: A Brief Analysis

Diversity and Marginalized Groups

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Natural Resource Management: Development and Environmental Protection in Constitutional Reform Processes

Official Language Designation

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Constitution Assessment for Women's Equality

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Territory and Power in Constitutional Transitions

Self-Determination: Constitution Brief

Interactions between Elections and Constitution-Building Processes in Fragile and Conflict-affected States

Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: Constitutional Jurisprudence

Religion-State Relations

Independent Institutions: Enhancing Democratic Integrity and Accountability through Constitutional Design

Constitutional Approaches to Decentralization: Elements, Challenges and Implications

Women and Constitutional Reform in Response to Social Crisis

Constitutions, Customary and Religious Law, and Gender Equality

Women Constitution-Makers: Comparative Experiences with Representation, Participation and Influence

Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool

Other languages

Protecting Ethnic Minorities within Minorities

Constitutional Design for Territorially Divided Societies

Secession: Constitution Brief

Constitution-building in states with territorially based societal conflict

From paper to lived reality: Gender-responsive constitutional implementation in Nepal

Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2015

Mechanisms for Indigenous Representation, Participation and Consultation in Constitutional Systems: International Examples to Inspire Chile

Marginalized Groups and Constitution Building - A Roundtable Report

Annual Review of Constitution Building: 2019

Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020