Rene Lemarchand

Books and Pamphlets

Political Awakening in the Congo: The Politics of Fragmentation (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 1964) pp. 357.

Rwanda and Burundi (Pall Mall Press, London: 1970) pp. 562.

African Kingships in Perspective (Frank Cass and Co., Ltd., London: 1976). Pp. 366, Editor and co-contributor.

Selective Genocide in Burundi, Minority Rights Group, Pamphlet No. 32 (London: 1974) pp. 36.

Les Problemes du Burundi (Bruxelles 1974), pp. 89, co-editor with Jeremy Greenland.

U.S. Policy in Southern Africa: The Stakes and the Stance (University Press of America: Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 450. Editor and co-contributor.

Political Clientelism, Patronage and Development, co-editor and co-contributor with S.N. Eisenstadt, Contemporary Political Sociology Series, Vol. 3 (Sage Publications: London and Beverly Hills, 1981) pp. 332.

The World Bank in Rwanda, Occasional Papers, African Studies Program, (Indiana University: Bloomington, 1982), pp. 77.

The Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa (Indiana University Press: Bloomington, 1988) pp. 196. Editor and co-contributor.

Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide (Cambridge University Press and Woodrow Wilson Center Press: New York and Washington, 1995, 2nd ed.) pp. 206.

Democratie et Gouvernance en Afrique: Etats des Lieux (USIS, Abidjan, September 1996), with Moussa Okanla, pp. 12.

Contributions to Books, Symposia and Encyclopedias

"Congo (Leopoldville)," Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa, James S. Coleman and C. Rosberg, eds. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), pp. 560-596.

"Lumumba," African Political Thought, W. Shurnik, ed., (Denver, Colorado: 1968), Monograph Series in World Affairs, Vol. 5, Nos. 3, 4, 1967-68, pp. 15-64.

"The Coup in Rwanda," in Mazrui and Rotberg, eds., Power and Protest in Black Africa (New York and London, Oxford University Press: 1971), pp. 877-924.

"Status Differences and Ethnic Conflict in Tropical Africa," in Wendell Bell and Walter Freeman, eds., Ethnicity and Nation Building (Sage Publications Inc., Beverly Hills, California: 1974), pp. 135-147.

"Civilian-Military Relations in Former Belgian Africa: The Military as a Contextual Elite," in Gerald Dorfman and S. Schmidt, eds., The Military in Politics (Fron-Ex Publications, California: 1974), pp. 69-98.

"Forecasting the Future of the Military in Former Belgian Africa," in Catherine M. Kelleher, ed., Political Military Systems: A Comparative Analysis (Sage
Publications, Inc., Beverly Hills, California: 1974), pp. 87-104.

"The Politics of Penury in Rural Zaire: The View from Bandundu," in G. Gran, ed., Zaire: The Political Economy of Underdevelopment (New York: Praeger, 1980), pp. 237-259.

"The State and Society in Africa: Ethnic Stratification and Restratification in Historical and Comparative Perspective," in Donald Rothchild and Vistor Olorunsula eds., State vs. Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas (Westview Press, Boulder: 1983), pp. 44-67.

"The Crisis in Chad," in Gerald Bender, James S. Coleman and Richard Sklar, eds., African Crisis Areas and US Foreign Policy (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1985), pp. 239-257.

"The Political Economy of Food Issues," in Art Hansen and Della McMillan eds., Food in Sub-Saharan Africa (Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, 1986), pp. 25-43.

"Bringing Factions Back into the State," in Ntalaja Nzongola ed., The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities (Africa World Press: Trenton, NJ, 1986), pp. 51-67.

"Ethnic Violence in Tropical Africa," in John Stack ed., The Primordial Challenge: Ethnicity in the Modern World, (Greenwood Press: New York, 1986), pp. 185-205.

Entries on "Burundi," "Chad," and "Rwanda," The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 2, pp. 604-605; Volume 3, pp. 278-281; Volume 16, pp. 542-543. World Book Inc., Chicago: 1987.

"The Dynamics of Factionalism in Contemporary Africa," Zaki Ergas ed., The African State in Transition, (McMillan: London, 1987), pp. 149-165.

“Bringing Factions Back Into the State” in Ntalaja-Nzongola ed., The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities (New York: Africa Wold Press, 1986), pp. 51-66.

"The State, The Parallel Economy and the Changing Structure of Patronage Systems," in Don Rothchild and Naomi Chazan eds., The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, (Westview Press, 1988), pp. 149-170.

"Burundi: Ethnicity and the Genocidal State," in Pierre L. Van den Berghe ed., State Violence and Ethnicity (University Press of Colorado: Boulder, 1990), pp. 89-
112.

"La Violence Politique," in Denis Martin and Christian Coulon eds., L'Afrique Politique (La Decouverte: Paris, 1991), pp. 30-42.

"Burundi: The Politics of Ethnic Amnesia," in Helen Fein ed., Genocide Watch (Yale University Press, New Haven: 1992), pp. 70-86.

"Libyan Adventurism," in John Harbeson and Donald Rothchild eds., Africa in World Politics (Westview Press, Boulder: 1991), pp. 144-160.

"Images and Identities: Chad in the Colonial Imagination," in Proceedings of the 15th meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society, Martinique and Guadeloupe, May 1989, Patricia Galloway and Philip Bouchereds. (University Press of America, Lanham, NY, 1992), pp. 220-234.

"Zaire: Historical Overview," in The Zaire Handbook, Rita Byrnes ed., (Library of Congress, 1994)
.

"Etnisk konflikt i Afrika og jagten po losninger", in Gorm Rye Olsen et al. eds., Nor boblen brister: Alternativ kinfliktlosning (Copenhagen 1995) pp. 7382.

"Ethnic Conflict Resolution in Contemporary Africa: Four Models in Search of Solutions", in Gunther Bachler ed., Federalism against Ethnicity? (Verlag Ruegger,1997)

"African Transitions to Democracy", in Encyclopedia of Democracy, Seymour M. Lipset ed. (Washington DC: 1995), pp. 41-47.

"Islam in Chad", in Encyclopedia of the Middle East, John Esposito ed. (Oxford: 1994)

"Rwanda", "Burundi", "Tombalbaye", in The Encyclopedia of Sub-Saharan Africa, John Middleton ed. (Charles Scribner's, New York: 1998)

"Genocide in Rwanda and Burundi", in Encyclopedia of Genocide, Israel W. Charny Editor, Vol. 2, (ABC-Clio: Denver, Colo., 1999), Vol. 2, pp. 508-513.

“La politique américaine dans la région des Grands Lacs”, L’Afrique des Grands Lacs, Annuaire 1998-9, S. Marysse and F. Reyntjens eds. (L’Harmattan: Paris, 1999), pp. 355-369.

“The Crisis in the Great Lakes”, in John Harbeson and Donald Rothchild eds., Africa in World Politics: The Africa World System in Flux (Westview Press: Boulder, 2000), pp. 324-352.

"Foreign Policy making in the Great Lakes Region", in Gilbert Khadiagala and Terrence Lyons eds., African Foreign Policies: Power and Process (Lynne Rienner: Boulder, 2001), pp.87-107.

“Les génocides se suivent mais ne se ressemblent pas: L’holocauste et le Rwanda”, L’Afrique des Grands Lacs, Annuaire 2001-2002, S. Marysse and F. Reyntjens eds. (L’Harmattan: Paris 2003), pp. 23-37.

“Comparing the Killing Fields: Rwanda, Cambodia and Bosnia”, in Genocide: Cases, Comparisons and Contemporary Debates, Steven L.B. Jensen ed. (Copenhagen: Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2003)

“The Democratic Republic of the Congo : From Failure to Potential Reconstruction”, in State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, Robert I. Rotberg ed. (Brookings Institution Press: Washington DC, 2003), pp. 29-70.

“Ethnicity as Myth: The View From Central Africa”, in Carolyn Pumphrey and Rye Schwartz-Barcott eds., Armed Conflict in Africa (Scarecrow Press, 2003), pp. 87-112.

“The Rwanda Genocide” and “The Burundi Genocide” in Samuel Totten, Wiliam Parsons and Israel Charny eds., Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts, Second Edition (Routledge, 2004), pp. 321-338, 395-414.

“Exclusion, Marginalization and Political Mobilization: The Road to Hell in the Great Lakes”, in Andreas Wimmer et al. eds., Facing Ethnic Conflicts: Toward a New Realism (Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2004), pp. 61-77.

Articles

"How Lumumba Came to Power," Africa Special Report, July 1960, pp. 13-15; reproduced in Helen Kitchen eds., Footnotes to the Congo Story (Walker and Co.: New York, 1965), pp. 9-19.

"Party Politics in the Congo," West Africa, May 1960, no. 7-242-4, pp. 509, 601, 628.

"Selective Bibliographical Survey for the Study of Politics in the Former Belgian Congo," American Political Science Review, September, 1960, pp. 715-728.

"Patrice Lumumba in Perspective," African Report, Feb. 1961, pp. 3-7; reproduced in

Helen Kitchen, op cit., pp. 35-44.

"The Bases of Nationalism Among the Bakongo," Africa, October 1961, pp. 344-354.

"The Limits of Self-Determination: The Case of the Katanga Secession," American Political Science Review, June 1962, pp. 404-416.

"L'Influence des Structures Traditionnelles sur l'Evolution Politique du Ruanda-Urundi," Revue de l'Institut de Sociologie Sovay, August, 1962, pp. 333-357.

"Village by Village Development in Tanzania," Africa Report, February, 1965, pp. 3-5.

"Burundi at Close Range," Africa Report, March, 1965, pp. 6-12.

"Power and Stratification in Rwanda: A Reconsideration," Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, Vol. VI, No. 24, (1966), pp. 592-610, reproduced in Elliott P. Skinner, Peoples and Cultures of Africa (Doubleday: 1973), pp. 416-437.

"Social Change and Political Modernization in Burundi," The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. VI, No. 4 (1966), pp. 401-433.

"Political Instability in Africa: The Case of Rwanda and Burundi," Civilisations, Vol. XVI, No. 3 (1966), pp. 1-29.

"The Passing of Mwamiship in Burundi," Africa Report, January 1967, pp. 14-25.

"Revolutionary Phenomena in Stratified Societies: Rwanda and Zanzibar," Civilisations, Vol. XVIII, No. 1 (1968), pp. 1-34; reproduced in Claude Welch and M.B. Taintor, Revolution and Political Change (Duxbury Press, 1973), pp. 282-300.

"Les Relations de Clientèle comme agent de Contestation: Le cas du Rwanda,"
Civilisations, XVIII, 3 (1968), pp. 553-573.

"Political Clientelism and Ethnicity: Competing Solidarities in Nation-Building," American Political Science Review, LXVI, 1 (1972), pp. 68-91; reproduced in Schmidt, Scott, Lande, and Guasti, eds., Friends, Followers and Factions (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1977), pp. 100-122.

"Political Clientelism and Development: A Preliminary Analysis," (with Keith Legg), Comparative Politics, IV, 1 (1972), pp. 149-178.

"Political Exchange, Clientelism and Development in Tropical Africa," Cultures et Developpement (Bruxelles), 4 (1972), pp. 483-516.

"African Power Through the Looking Glass," The Journal of Modern African Studies, XI, 2 (1973), pp. 305-314.

"Polarisation Ethnique et Violence Politique," Colloque sur le Burundi, (Brussels, December 27-28, 1974).

"African Armies in Historical and Contemporary Perspective: The Search for `Connections'," Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Vol. IV, No. 2 (Fall 1976), pp. 261-275.

"The CIA in Africa: How Central? How Intelligent?," The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. XIV, No. 3 (1976), pp. 401-426; reproduced in Ellen Ray et al. eds., Dirty Work: The CIA in Africa (Lyle Stuart Inc.: Lecaucus, NJ, 1979), pp. 9-35.

"La CIA in Afrique," Revue Francaise d'Etudes Politiques Africaines, No. 136, (April, 1977), pp. 73-101.

"The Politics of Sara Ethnicity: A Note on the Origins of the Civil War in Chad," Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, XX, 4 (1980), 320-339.

"Chad: The Roots of Chaos," Current History (December, 1981), 414-417, 436-438.

"Chad: A Precarious Peace Breaks Out," Africa Report, 2, (March-April, 1982), pp. 15-20.

"Chad" in Carol Thompson et al. eds., Encyclopedia of Developing Nations, (McGraw Hill, New York: 1982), pp. 22-26.

"Quelles Indépendences?" Pouvoirs (Paris), 25 (1983), pp. 131-147.

"Le Pianiste et le Chef d'Orchestre: L'Africanisme et le Pouvoir aux Etats Unis," Politique Africaine, 12 (December 1983), pp. 62-75.

"Chad: The Road to Partition," Current History (March, 1984), pp. 113-115, 132.

"Réflexions sur la finalité de la science politique américaine à propos du Zaire,"
Canadian Journal of African Studies, XVIII, 4 (1983), pp. 33-39.

"Chad: Putting the Pieces Back Together Again," Africa Report, Vol. 29, No. 6,
November-December 1984), pp. 60-68.

"Les émeutes de Fort-Lamy (1946) et Fort-Archambault," Le Mois en Afrique, No. 231-2 (April-May 1985), pp. 1-15.

"Chad: The Misadventures of the North-South Dialectic," African Studies Review, Vol. 29, No. 3 (1986), pp. 10-27.

"Le Zaire dans tous ses Etats," Canadian Review of African Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2, (1986), pp. 263-270.

"Chad: Country Profile," The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1986-1987, (London: 1986),
pp. 56-76.

"Chad," The Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Reports Quarterly Economic Review, No. 3, 4 (1984), No. 1, 2, 3, 4, (1985), No. 1 (1986).

"A Propos du Tchad: La Face Nord Face à l'Histoire," The Maghreb Review, Volume 12, No. 6, (1987), pp. 8-17.

"Burundi: The Killing Fields Revisited," Issue Vol. XVIII, No. 1, (Winter, 1989), pp. 22-28.

"Religious Persecution in Burundi," The First Freedom, (The Puebla Institute), November-December, 1989, pp. 3-5.

"The Report of the National Commission on National Unity in Burundi: A Critical Commentary," Journal of Modern African Studies, 27, 4 (1989) pp. 685-690.

"African Peasantries, Reciprocity and the Market: The Economy of Affection
Reconsidered," Cahier d'Etudes Africaines (Paris) 113, Vol., 29, No. 1, (1989),
pp. 33-67.

"L'Ecole Historique Burundo-Francaise: Une Ecole pas comme les autres," Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2, (1990) pp. 235-248.

"Uncivil States and Civil Societies: How Illusion Became Reality", The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1992) pp. 177-191.

"The Political Economy of Informal Economies," Africa Insight, Vol. 21, No. 4 (1991), pp. 214-222. Reproduced as Occasional Paper, Valdosta State College, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1991)

"The Siren Song of Self-Determination", Le Courrier de l'UNESCO (Juin 1993) pp. 29-32.

"Managing Transition Anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi and South Africa in Comparative Perspective", The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4 (1994) pp. 581-604.

"The Apocalypse in Rwanda", Cultural Survival, Vol. 18, Nos. 2, 3 (Summer/Fall 1994), pp. 29-33.

"Rwanda: The Rationality of Genocide", Issue, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1995) pp. 8-12.

"Four Models for Resolving Ethnic Conflict", African Voices (USAID Bureau for Africa), Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer 1995), pp. 1-3.

"Patterns of State Collapse and Reconstruction in Central Africa: Reflections on the Crisis in the Great Lakes Region", Afrika-Spektrum (Hamburg), 32 (1997), 2, 173-193.

“Genocide in the Great Lakes: Which Genocide? What Genocide?”, African Studies Review, vol. 41, no. 1 (April 1998), pp. 3-16

“La face cachée de la décentralisation: réseaux, clientèles et capital social”, Bulletin de l’APAD, no. 16 (Dec. 1998), pp. 9-18.

“The Fire in the Great Lakes”, Current History, vol. 98, no. 628 (May 1999),
pp. 195-201.

“Ethnicity in Burundi: An Interpretation”, in Africana: The Encyclopedia of African and African American Experience, Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates eds., pp. 708-711.

“Hate Crimes”, Transition, vol. 9, nos. 1 and 2 (2000), pp. 114-133.

“Foreign Policy Making in the Great Lakes Region”, in Gilbert Khadiagala and Terrence Lyons eds. African Foreign Policies: Power and Process, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colo.: 2001, pp. 87-106.

“A History of Genocide in Rwanda” (Review essay of Mahmoood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers), Journal of African History, 43 (2002), pp. 307-11.

“Le génocide de 1972 au Burundi: Les silences de l’histoire”, Cahiers d’Etudes Africaines, 167, XLII-3 (2002), pp. 551-567.

“Disconnecting the Threads: Rwanda and the Holocaust Reconsidered”, Journal of Genocide Research, Vol. 4, No. 4 (December 2002), pp. 499-519.

“The DRC: The Tunnel at the End of the Light”, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 29, No. 93-94 (September-December 2003, pp. 389-398.

“Ethnicity as Myth: The View from Central Africa”, in Carolyn Pumphrey and Rye Schwartz-Barcott eds., Armed Conflict in Africa (Scarecrow Press, 2003), 87-112.

“The Democratic Republic of the Congo: From Failure to Potential Reconstruction” in Robert Rotberg ed., State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror (Brookings Institution Press, 2003), 29-70.

“Exclusion, Marginalization and Political Mobilization: The Road to Hell in the Great Lakes”, in Andreas Wimmer et al. eds., Facing Ethnic Conflicts: Towards a New Realism (Rowman and Littlefield, 2004), 71-77.

“Bearing Witness to Mass Murder”, African Studies Review, vol. 48, no. 3 (December 2005), 93-102.

“Où va le Tchad?” Afrique Contemporaine (2005), vol. 215, no. 3, pp. 117-128.

“Unsimplifying Darfur”, Genocide Studies and Prevention, vol. I, no. 1 (July 2006) pp. 1-12.

“Consociationalism and Power-Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo”, African Affairs (January 2007), 106/422, pp. 1-20.

“Mass murder, the politics of memory and post-genocide reconstruction: The cases of Rwanda and Burundi”, with Maurice Niwese, in After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities. Edited by Beatrice Pouligny, Simon Chesterman and Albrecht Schnabel (United Nations University Press, 2007), pp.165-189.